WARP Code

PPPL also has experience with 3D particle-in-cell code WARP that can be applied to both the beam component and multi-species plasmas. For the self-field calculation, there are a variety of explicit and implicit electrostatic models and explicit electromagnetic models. With the electrostatic models, arbitrary conductor geometry can be included and is resolved to second order using the cut-cell technique. All of the field models allow mesh refinement for improved resolution and increased efficiency. WARP includes models for elastic and inelastic collisions, including ionization, stripping and charge-exchange and particle/surface interactions, gas desorption, and ion and electron emission. WARP runs on massively parallel computers, using 1, 2 or 3 - dimensional domain decomposition, and scales well on hundreds to many thousands of processors, depending on the application. Fully kinetic plasma simulations have been carried out to examine beam-plasma interactions, showing their effects on the beam performance on target.